Effect of support materials and Ni loading on catalytic performance for carbon dioxide reforming of coke oven gas

To investigate the effect of support materials on catalytic performance in carbon dioxide reforming of coke oven gas, Ni-based catalysts supported on various metal oxides with various properties are prepared and evaluated. The support material affects the important properties related to the catalytic performance such as surface area, Ni dispersion, basicity, oxygen storage capacity, and interaction between Ni and support. Among the various catalysts on different metal oxides, Ni/MgOAl₂O₃ catalyst exhibits the highest CH₄ conversion due to its high Ni dispersion, large surface area, and strong basicity. Hence, the Ni loading in the Ni/MgOAl₂O₃ catalyst is optimized. Ni loading performs the important roles to determine the Ni dispersion, the amount of Ni active sites, and basicity. 15 wt% Ni/MgOAl₂O₃ catalyst shows the highest catalytic activity even at a high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 1,500,000 h⁻¹, owing to the large amount of Ni active sites which related to Ni loading, Ni dispersion, and reduction degree. To confirm the stability of the 15 wt% Ni/MgOAl₂O₃ catalyst, catalytic reaction has been carried out for 50 h and noticeable catalytic deactivation is not observed for 50 h.     

Performance of geosynthetic-encased stone column-improved soft clay under vertical cyclic loading

This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation into the performance of geosynthetic-encased stone column-improved (GESC-improved) soft clay under vertical cyclic loading. A reduced-scale model is adopted to perform a series of tests considering the principal parameters, such as the cyclic loading characteristics, including the loading frequency and amplitude, and the encasement length. The results indicate that, among other things, the overall benefit of the geosynthetic encasement of stone columns installed in soft clay is greater under cyclic loading than under static loading, and that the cyclic effect tends to lead to a stress concentration ratio that is smaller than that under static loading. The effectiveness of this encasement in improving the performance of GESCs becomes greater when subjected to cyclic loading with a lower loading frequency and/or a smaller amplitude. The settlement and pore pressure variations with the encasement length, together with the exhumed GESCs taken after the tests, suggest that full encasement is necessary to maximize the performance of GESCs under cyclic loading.     

A simple permanent deformation model of rockfill materials

Existing experimental results have shown that using a semi-log linear relationship between the permanent volumetric strain and cyclic number underestimates the volumetric deformation of rockfill materials with a large cyclic number, and that the error increases with the confining pressure. The existing permanent deformation models are not suitable for the seismic safety analysis of high dams during strong earthquakes. In this study, a series of large-scale triaxial cyclic loading tests of rockfill materials were performed, and a new permanent deformation model of rockfill materials was developed and validated with three kinds of rockfill materials. The results show that the proposed model can properly reflect the general features of the permanent deformation of rockfill materials. The main features of the model are as follows: (1) relations between the cyclic number and permanent volumetric/shear strain are described by hyperbolic functions, which can avoid underestimating the volumetric deformation occurring during strong earthquakes; (2) the model can capture the effect of the mean effective stress on the permanent volumetric strain, with greater confining pressure correlating to greater permanent volumetric deformation, and the permanent volumetric strain under low confining pressure near the dam crest can be well represented; and (3) the model can reflect the effect of the consolidation stress ratio on the permanent shear strain.     

煤矿井下探测中影响不含水断层视电阻率变化的单一主控因素分析

选取晋城矿区典型3号无烟煤试样，在实验室进行单轴加载条件下的电阻率测试实验，并开展矿井瞬变电磁法探测不含水断层现场试验，研究了不含水断层的视电阻率变化特征。结果表明:煤样加载全过程，经过压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段、峰值后破裂阶段、残余变形阶段5个阶段；煤样应力应变曲线表现为由低到高再到低的特征，煤样电阻率曲线表现为由高到低再到高的特征；加载过程中，压密阶段、弹性变形阶段应力越大电阻率越小，应力为影响电阻率变化的主控因素；塑性变形阶段，电阻率先减小后增大，应力和裂隙共同影响电阻率变化，由应力为主要因素逐渐转变到裂隙为主要因素；峰值后破裂阶段和残余变形阶段电阻率急速增大，裂隙为影响电阻率变化的主控因素；通过瞬变电磁法探测不含水断层试验，发现不含水断层导致视电阻率明显升高，表明裂隙为影响断层视电阻率单一变化的主要因素。     

Hierarchical self-assembled hollow hydroxyapatite flower microspheres containing terpene functional groups for efficient drug loading and pH-responsive drug release

In this paper, we fabricated hierarchical self-assembled hollow rose-like flower microspheres (HRFM) and hollow burr-like flower microspheres (HBFM) hydroxyapatite (HAP) using dehydroabietyl phosphate tri-ester (DDPT) as an organic phosphorus source, a regulating agent, and a soft template simultaneously via a one-step solvothermal method. The HBFM and HRFM have been explored for their application in drug delivery, using doxorubicin (DOX) as a drug model. The formation mechanisms of HRFM and HBFM were proposed on the basis of the electrostatic potential diagrams and self-assembled behavior of DDPT organic molecule. After the rosin-based terpene functional groups were incorporated, both HRFM and HBFM exhibited low cytotoxicity against Hela cell, pH-dependent sustained drug release properties, and high drug loading capacity. The drug-loading capacities of HBFM and HRFM were 116.6?mg?g^?1 and 148.3?mg?g^?1, respectively. Thus, the as-prepared HRFM and HBFM are promising for the applications in drug delivery.     

Study of Compatibilized Liquid Crystalline Polymer/Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Blends

The technology to produce compatibilized blends of liquid crystalline polymer and highly amorphous cyclic olefin copolymers through two novel approaches were studied. The first approach was to use silane-functionalized halloysite nanotube as nonspecific compatibilizer and the second method was reactive compatibilization. The study of blends and their resulting microstructure; their thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties were investigated. The kinetic study of blends compatibilized through both routes was performed.     

超细全尾砂充填体动态力学特性研究

充填体作为人工矿柱,为矿房回采创造了条件,但经常受到爆破等冲击荷载作用。充填体的动态力学特性直接关系到充填采矿法的安全高效实施。通过单轴压缩试验和分离式霍布金森压杆(Split Hobkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)试验技术,进行了不同充填配比参数的超细全尾砂充填体压缩试验,得到其静载和动载下的应力-应变曲线和能量变化曲线,并分析了其破坏模式。研究表明:充填体质量浓度越高,灰砂比越大,峰值应力和峰值应变随之增大,呈现正相关性,其中灰砂比和质量浓度对应力的影响相对一致,但应变受质量浓度影响更大;当冲击荷载由0.3 MPa增大至0.6 MPa时,充填体的破坏形式由保持完整形态变为产生裂纹,直至被压碎,转变为完全失稳破坏状态;充填体能量吸收随着冲击荷载的增加而逐渐递增,但质量浓度和灰砂比增大时,充填体比能量和能量吸收率反而下降,其中灰砂比是影响充填体吸能效率的主要因素,质量浓度次之。     

Influence analysis of bracket set on seismic performance of steel eave columns in Chinese traditional style buildings

This paper presents influence analysis of bracket set on seismic performance of steel eave columns in Chinese traditional style buildings. Eight 1/1.5‐scale steel eave columns were constructed and tested under low cyclic reversed loading, including 4 specimens with bracket set and 4 specimens without bracket set. Based on the analysis of the strain of the specimens, the failure modes of the specimens were obtained. In addition, the hysteresis loops, skeleton curves, degradations of stiffness and strength, ductility, and dissipation capacities of the specimens were analyzed. Bracket set changed the force transfer mechanisms and failure modes of the specimens and had a significant influence on the seismic performance of the specimens. Compared with the specimens without bracket set, the yielded and ultimate bearing capacities of the specimens with bracket set improved by 30.7% and 24.0%, respectively. And also, the stiffness of the specimens with bracket set at the yielded and ultimate points increased by 52.8% and 135.6%. The dissipation capacities of the specimens with bracket set were 2.12 times those of the specimens without bracket set at yielded load. However, the ductility of the specimens with bracket set slightly decreased by 8.5%. It was shown that the seismic performance of the specimens with bracket set was better than that of the specimens without bracket set. The work in this paper provides a basis for further theoretical study on the seismic performance of steel eave columns in Chinese traditional style buildings.     

EGFR-Binding Peptides: From Computational Design towards Tumor-Targeting of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsids

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a central role in the progression of many solid tumors. We used this validated target to analyze the de novo design of EGFR-binding peptides and their application for the delivery of complex payloads via rational design of a viral vector. Peptides were computationally designed to interact with the EGFR dimerization interface. Two new peptides and a reference (EDA peptide) were chemically synthesized, and their binding ability characterized. Presentation of these peptides in each of the 60 capsid proteins of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) via a genetic based loop insertion enabled targeting of EGFR overexpressing tumor cell lines. Furthermore, tissue distribution and tumor xenograft specificity were analyzed with systemic injection in chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Complex correlations between the targeting of the synthetic peptides and the viral vectors to cells and in ovo were observed. Overall, these data demonstrate the potential of computational design in combination with rational capsid modification for viral vector targeting opening new avenues for viral vector delivery and specifically suicide gene therapy.